Itens

• ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION: THE 3R's (THREE R’S) IN THE FIRST YEAR OF FUNDAMENTAL EDUCATION
  We can observe that, at present, the social body suffers from the dilemma of the excess of the inadequate corollary creation of solid waste. This excessive amount of waste has been worrisome because, if not properly collected and disposed of, it causes serious consequences to health and the environment. Thus, the reluctance of the non-management of solid waste is numerous and includes environmental, economic, social, and health aspects. In this scenario, it is clear that waste cannot be completely eliminated; however, it is possible to decrease it by reducing the amount of waste and recycling as much as possible. It is true that the ontemporary world is characterized by an almost constant state of crisis, however, to recycle or reuse has the sense to restrain what is used, to limit waste and residues, to protect the environment, to conserve and defend the ecosystem. For this, there is a need to moderate this expressed consumption, not only to use what is necessary, but also to reuse what is possible. The optics of the "3R's" concept aims to contain the ecosystemic shock with applicability to the development of new products. In this sense, it is essential to emphasize education, as an agent of change, for the development of people into informed and active citizens. In view of the above, the objective of this work was to observe, the perception of children in the first year of elementary school about the environment to, subsequently, make them aware in a critical and reflective way of how we relate to each other and how we can improve our environment through the reduction and reuse of waste. The concept of the three Rs in this case study was used therefore, to clarify and promote reflection regarding excessive shopping, the reuse of what would go to waste such as cans, cardboard, bottles among others, and finally, to offer the possibility of converting items no longer used into other creations. This study contributed to the awareness and preservation of the environment and its didactic-pedagogical sequence promoted progression in the visuomotor, motor, motor, playful, affective, and critical-reflexive aspects, for the promotion of the acquisition and strengthening of competencies and skills.
• KNOWLEDGE OF MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH WASTE IN COVID-19 FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
  The pandemic due to COVID-19 has been shaping the healthcare landscape, mainly due to the amount of Health Service Waste (RSS) that is being produced. Understanding how these SSR are managed and how health professionals are involved in this process can provide a better understanding of how this knowledge directly impacts the better management of the SSR itself, as well as the reduction of environmental impacts from this flow. The objective of the study is to evaluate the knowledge of health professionals on waste management in time of COVID-19. An exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted with 55 health professionals, working in a public hospital in Manaus – Amazonas - Brazil. Were included subjects over 18 years old, working in an institution that dealt with confirmed cases of COVID-19. The instruments used in the data collection were: Questionnaire defining the profile of the participants; Questionnaire evaluating basic knowledge about waste management of health services. The results indicated that the institution of interest has a protocol for the management of residues contaminated by COVID-19 as reported by 50 participants (90.9%), but most do not know what the Health Services Waste Management Plan (56.4%) is, not received training on SRHS (69.1%), not knowing how to classify without difficulty which are the Health Service Residues (54.5%), even performing invasive procedures (87.3%). Even with the increase in demand for health services during the COVID-19 pandemic, training and knowledge on how to manage the waste from these services did not follow the same growth
• THE RELATION BETWEEN THE ENVIRONMENT AND PANDEMICS
  In late 2019, one of the biggest pandemics of our time, with the power to completely shut down cities, was revealed. This is Sars-cov-2, which spreads very quickly and is transmitted through the air. The Coronavirus is nothing new to the world and warnings about the risk of pandemics have existed for many years, such as that of the 2013 epidemic, made by the WHO (World Health Organization) at a time when there was already alarm about the potential of this virus to cause outbreaks. Pandemics are nothing new to humanity. They were present at different times in history, and this paper aims to present the link between pandemics and disturbances of the natural environment, with emphasis on zoonoses. Some pandemics and their consequences will be briefly exposed, pointing out parallels between them. The study was carried out through the analysis of scientific articles within the specified topic in journals with a high level of reliability, seeking to understand this phenomenon and how to face them. This paper was written while the world was going through the Sars-cov-19 pandemic and was evolving together with the discoveries made day by day by the scientific world. Goals were defined for this paper, such as studying zoonoses and their forms of transmission, analyzing the human factor and how it impacts the environment, and pointing out solutions to solve these problems. This literature review concludes that when humans invade the natural environment and destroy existing relationships in this place, diseases transmitted from animals or from the environment itself can arise, which may or may not cause new pandemics through zoonoses.
• THE DISPOSAL OF NEEDLES AND SYRINGES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN THE IRANDUBA HEALTH SYSTEM
  This paper aimed to develop evidence-based guidelines to make the disposal of syringes and needles, applied in vaccinations against Covid 19 safer and healthier in the UBS of the Health System of the Municipality of Iranduba, located in urban areas and non-riparian units. Thus, this research was based on a thorough process of observation, exclusively in the area of performance of the health management of the aforementioned municipality. The development process was carried out from an observational analysis, where the discarding of health supplies used in vaccinations against covid-019 in the year 2021 were realilized. In addition, a literature review was also performed for each of these steps. At the end of this arduous research, it was conclusively perceived the erroneous and harmful way in which the disposal of such solid waste was made, because these materials, soon after their use, were placed in a collection box, together with other sanitary inputs, perhaps the latter with the possibility of reuse or recycling, which would bring enormous risks to the workers of the UBS before the imminent probability of infection of covid-9.
• APPLICATION OF THE NONLINEAR AUTOREGRESSIVE MODEL WITH EXOGENOUS INPUTS FOR RIVER LEVEL FORECAST IN THE AMAZON
  The present work is justified by three basic lines that involve the problem of the theme, which are the use of Artificial Intelligence, the problem of floods in the Amazon and the issue of technology in favor of decision making. The environmental impacts caused by economic and social factors are problems portrayed in scenarios such as floods and ebbs of rivers, bringing up situations such as an increase in diseases, reduction of agricultural production in locations that depend on accurate geological control, in addition to the increase in erosive processes. in risk locations. Thus, the use of AI to predict the river level, which consequently can minimize problems arising from floods that cause an environmental impact, is highly possible, since when it is known in advance that an event is close to happening, decisions can be taken so that the impacts be smaller. This work models and applies NARX to forecast the river level in the Amazon with variables of easy access and implementation through the MATLAB software, in order to contribute with a forecast model capable of predicting a possible flood from the river level.
• ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR PREDICTING THE GENETATION OF ACETALDEHYDE IN PET RESIN IN THE PROCESS OF INJECTION OF PLASTIC PACKAGES
  The industrial production of preforms for the manufacture of PET bottles, during the plastic injection process, is essential to regulate the drying temperature of the PET resin, to control the generation of Acetaldehyde (ACH), which alters the flavor of carbonated or non-carbonated drinks, giving the drink a citrus flavor and putting in doubt the quality of packaged products. In this work, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) of the Backpropagation type (Cascadeforwardnet) is specified to support the decisionmaking process in controlling the ideal drying temperature of the PET resin, allowing specialists to make the necessary temperature regulation decisions for the best performance by decreasing ACH levels. The materials and methods were applied according to the manufacturer's characteristics on the moisture in the PET resin grain, which may contain between 50 ppm and 100 ppm of ACH. Data were collected for the method analysis, according to temperatures and residence times used in the blow injection process in the manufacture of the bottle preform, the generation of ACH from the PET bottle after solid postcondensation stage reached residual ACH levels below (3-4) ppm, according to the desired specification, reaching levels below 1 ppm. The results found through the Computational Intelligence (IC) techniques applied by the ANNs, where they allowed the prediction of the ACH levels generated in the plastic injection process of the bottle packaging preform, allowing an effective management of the parameters of production, assisting in strategic decision making regarding the use of temperature control during the drying process of PET resin.
• ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH SERVICE WASTE: A CASE STUDY OF A UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN MANAUS/AM
  The health waste management activity, whose steps range from the identification of generation sites to the environmentally appropriate final disposal, requires appropriate planning, where each step of the process needs to be performed properly to ensure worker safety and mitigate the impacts generated to the environment allied to the hospital costs. Current legislation, such as: Law 6.938/81, which deals with the National Environmental Policy, Resolution 222/2018, Law 12.305/2010, which establishes the National Policy on Solid Waste (PNRS), among others, guide this process. The general purpose of this case study is to analyze the current process of management and treatment of waste from the health service of the Hospital Universitário Getúlio Vargas (HUGV). To achieve these results, a quantitative/qualitative, exploratory descriptive research was carried out on the HUGV Waste Management Plan. The information was collected through an Observational Roadmap of the Current Flow, based on the ANVISA Board Resolution 222/2018. Consistently, the results obtained showed that the hospital cost of waste treatment is directly related to the management of HSW. With this, it was concluded that the management process carried out in the hospital is not fully in accordance with the current legislation, and that this noncompliance results in the high cost for the treatment and final destination of the HSW, demonstrating the importance and the need to update the hospital's PGRSS (Health Services Waste Management Program). The research makes a relevant contribution to the HUGV with suggestions for proposals for improvements in the work of managing HSW.
• DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES REVIEW FOR MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
  It is apparent the industrial processes transformations caused by industry 4.0 are in advance in some countries like China, Japan, Germany and United States. But, in return, the developing countries, as the emergent Brazil, seem like to have a long way to achieve digital era. Considering manufacturing processes as the starting point the rise of industry 4.0, this research aims to show a review about the most important technologies used in smart manufacturing, including the main challenges to implement it at Brazil. The papers were collected from Web of Science (WoS), comprising 114 articles and 2 books to underpin this study. This exploratory research resulted in the presentation of some challenges faced by Brazilian industry to join the new industrial era, such as poor technological infrastructure, besides lack of investment in technologies and training of qualified people. Even though the primary motivation of this research was to present a panorama of smart manufacturing for Brazil, this study results contributes to the most of emergent countries, bringing together general concepts and addressing practical applications developed by several researchers from the international academic community.
• PROBLEMA DE ROTEAMENTO DE VEÍCULO E SUAS VARIANTES: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DE LITERATURA
  Este estudo aborda uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre o Problema de Roteamento de Veículos (PRV) e suas Variantes, construindo um portfólio bibliográfico a respeito do tipo de PRV mais adequado para o serviço de correio. Para esta pesquisa foi adotada a metodologia ProKnow-C, possibilitando a escolha de artigos de forma mais assertiva, rigorosa e específica, eliminando redundâncias e subjetividades, pesquisando artigos nas bases Scopus e Web of Science. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o estado da arte sobre PRV e suas variantes, e as principais abordagens metodológicas utilizadas, no contexto da logística de distribuição. Foram selecionados um total de 114 artigos alinhados com o tema, demostrando que existe uma vasta literatura sobre roteirização de veículos. Esta revisão mostra que o algoritmo genético com adaptações é o modelo mais utilizado atualmente para otimizar rotas de coleta e entrega de encomendas
• SYSTEM FOR ANALYSIS, SIMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF IMPROVEMENTS IN THE AIR CONDITIONING MANUFACTURING PROCESS
  This work contains proposals for improvements in an assembly line of air conditioners in a factory located in the Industrial Pole of Manaus, in which the entire production process is described, as well as the presentation of its current plant. Factors that hinder the production process of the line were evaluated in order to promote improvements in the production capacity added to quality, efficiency and reduction of waste. To achieve the improvements, documentary records of the line made available by the company were used. In addition, simulation tools (Plant Simulation) were used to search for possible bottlenecks in order to correct them, as well as plan for future improvement points. In this, problems of quality, ergonomics, low quality, among other obstacles were identified. The project enabled solutions to improve processes that, consequently, will increase quality, efficiency and productivity. The advantage of the new layout is to obtain a new sustainable competitive advantage for the company. The model enables better training of employees in the use of automated tools. This is beneficial as employees will have access to product and process technologies that were previously restricted.
• APPLICATION OF ERGONOMIC WORK ANALYSIS IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY PROCESSES USING COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE FOR DECISION MAKING
  Ergonomics have proved to be increasingly important for industrial processes around the world. The evolution of machinery and equipment has caused several disorders in occupational health at work. Therefore, it is extremely important to make a comprehensive reading of the workstations and ergonomic analysis tools. The objective of the article is to make an application of the technological resources of fuzzy logic in the results found in the Ergonomic Analysis of Work (AET) in seven jobs in the automotive industry of the Industrial Pole of Manaus (PIM). The methodology applied is based on the application of ergonomic tools using Suzanne Rodgers`method and on the mathematical models characterized by Fuzzy Inference for decision making on various disorders that occur with the health of the employee. The results found in the ergonomic tool ‘’Suzanne Rodgers’’ applied to the movement of upper and lower limbs and other observations in the productive sectors, with the application of Fuzzy Logic, it was shown that the linguistic variables by colors, the legend that shows the classification of ergonomic risks through run. Therefore, they serve to make a comparison and discuss the importance of ergonomic processes for the benefit of the worker in the automotive industry for decision-making
• IMPLEMENTATION OF DESIGN IMPROVEMENT IN A LCD MONITOR PRODUCT THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF FUZZY LOGIC AND QUALITY
  Companies all over the world aim to launch a considerable amount of new products every year. During this process, project failures and design problems are often detected. In this context, this paper aims to scientifically explore the events that occurred during the implementation of a new LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) monitor product, where its functionality, appearance, quality, and cost are considered satisfactory; however, its design has a negative impact on the mass production process and presents a great need for improvement. The study then sought to understand the causes of the problem and apply some solutions, especially for the biggest defect found in the project: infiltration of adhesive inside the joystick button actuation mechanism. The applied methodology used quality tools (PDCA, Ishikawa and Kaizen) and parameters from Fuzzy logic tools (linguistic variables, fuzzyfication, Inference rules and defuzzification). As a final result, the organization obtained several benefits, such as reducing the defect rate from 20% to 3%, reducing costs with spare parts and repair service, and increasing quality and productivity indicators.
• EMBEDDED SYSTEMS FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF CLIMATE ENVIRONMENTS
  The consumption of electricity grows as technology advances, as this, almost entirely depends on the power of some energy source, the increase in this consumption causes positive impacts, but also negative one of them is due to the high cost of these resources , the reduction of resources destined to education in Brazil makes institutions look for strategies to reduce expenses and one is, to be able to use efficiency in the consumption of electric energy. This work aims to reduce electricity consumption, increase the duration of climate control devices and improve thermal comfort. To reduce the resources spent on air conditioning, a set of software and hardware was developed, aiming to control, in an automated way, environments with movement of people and with low management of resources, the use of sensors to measure the ambient temperature, control of people and, communication and control of the devices that make the environment climate control. After the implementation of this technology in the proposed environments, the system started to regulate the air conditioning device(s), seeking to compensate the temperature, when this is different from that projected by the user, from the ambient temperature measured by the set sensors and end the device activity when there are no people in theenvironment as well as start when a userentersthe site
• ANALYSIS OF THE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY IN A PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER FINISHING INDUSTRY IN THE MANAUS CITY
  In the Manaus Free Zone, the processing industry of photographic paper is poorly representative and, is classified as a Chemical Industry. This type of photographic industry has environmental aspects in all its production processes, including those that only benefit the already emulsified photographic papers, transforming them into sizes and formats necessary for later use in photo printing laboratories. From this perspective, the problem to be investigated in this dissertation was limited to emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) in scope 1 and 2, using the protocol of the Brazilian GHG Protocol Program (PBGHGP) thus enabling the inventory of data and the estimation of the total GHG emission in a native industry of photographic paper processing. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the main source of GHG comes from the cooling system in the consumption of refrigerant R410A and that the control and/or management of these gases are possible to be adopted, because the industry has an implemented environmental management system capable of managing this environmental aspect
• SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AS AN INSTRUMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY IN PROTESTANT DENOMINATIONS
  Nowadays, there is a worldwide concern about issues related to the environment and one of the biggest environmental problems caused are generated by inadequate solid waste management and the lack of society's involvement. The present work deals with the management in Protestant Christian religious institutions, which are also producers of solid waste and, therefore, deserve to be studied scientifically, in order to answer the following guiding question: Solid waste management in Protestant Christian institutions in the city of Manaus asserts itself as an effective instrument for the concept of sustainability? The main purpose objective of this work is to evaluate how Protestant Christian religious institutions act in the management of solid waste, identifying if such these institutions do any kind of management of this generated waste, in order to monitor how it is done using quality management tools, methodology and analysis of the results achieved. The applied methodology will be descriptive, through observation, registration, analysis and correlation of the object or facts under study, however, without manipulating them. With the information collected from selected churches in all areas of the city, in equal quantity and, through a practical formulary and checklist based on Brazil’s the National Policy on Solid Waste (PNRS), it will be possible to build a DMAIC framework and sequentially apply the GUT tool, to notes on of the most urgent problems. The results of these notes will be put into the PDCA cycle for improvement planning and, finally, the 5W2H will be used to propose improvements, which will facilitate observation, data collection and analysis of the information obtained. The survey results showed a great possibility of these Christian communities to serve as environmental schools, and that if it would be carried out, could bring a real mass awareness of society, thanks to its enormous scope.
• METHODOLOGY FOR INVENTORY RISK ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT USING EXCEL AND VISUAL BASIC MODELING
  Visual Basic for Application (VBA) programming, when used in an Excel programming environment, is an important tool in determining inventory classification risks, as well as an excellent option in view of the current situation of scarcity of classification optimization assessment. inventory risks. This work aims to contribute to the development of programming for an application in VBA - Excel, with the ability to classify inventory risks, capable of delivering data and assertive responses, according to the concepts established within the organization. To achieve this objective, a field research was carried out with small and medium-sized companies in the city of Manaus, Amazonas. The research is classified as experimental, allowing the achievement of qualitative type results. The use of the proposed tools will be available to academic circles and the result of the study will be used to improve the quality of information and data speed, whenever necessary, for management decision-making. It is also expected that this research will contribute to foster discussion about the proposed theme and serve as a technicaltheoretical framework for practical application for users and programmers in Solver and VBA tools.
• COMPOSTING MODEL WITH THE REUSE OF ORGANIC WASTE IN RURAL SCHOOLS
  School institutions become producers of organic waste as a result of the daily consumption of school meals offered to students during the school year. An alternative, so that this material is not incorrectly released into the environment, is the implementation of a composting model that will reuse organic waste, generating humus, which will serve as fertilizer for the implementation of a vegetable garden in the school in the rural area. This work aims to propose a composter model in a School in the Rural Area of Manaus for the reuse of organic waste, to develop a prototype of composter for the production of humic substances and mineral nutrients for the creation of gardens, to prepare the manual with guidelines for the correct and sustainable management of the composting plant and the school garden and implementing the garden system through the composting process using school organic waste. The work is a case study that proposes to implement a prototype of compost for the production of humic substances and mineral nutrients for the construction of a school garden. It is intended that the proposal raises the awareness of the school community for the correct management and reuse of solid waste generated by the school and arouse in students and teachers the interest in environmental education and behavior change for the preservation of the environment in which they live
• COMPUTATIONAL META-HEURISTICS BASED ON MACHINE LEARNING TO OPTIMIZE FUEL CONSUMPTION OF VESSELS USING DIESEL ENGINES
  With the expansion of means of river transportation, especially in the case of small and medium-sized vessels that make routes of greater distances, the cost of fuel, if not taken as an analysis criterion for a larger profit margin, is considered to be a primary factor , considering that the value of fuel specifically diesel to power internal combustion machines is high. Therefore, the use of tools that assist in decision With the expansion of means of river transportation, especially in the case of small and medium-sized vessels that make routes of greater distances, the cost of fuel, if not taken as an analysis criterion for a larger profit margin, is considered to be a primary factor , considering that the value of fuel specifically diesel to power internal combustion machines is high. Therefore, the use of tools that assist in decision
• BAYESIAN REGULARIZERS OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS APPLIED TO THE RELIABILITY FORECAST OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION MACHINES IN THE SHORT-TERM
  Predictive as well as preventive maintenance are tools of maintenance programs that aim to increase or maintain the life expectancy of an equipment through computational techniques and tools. Bearing in mind that the power generation industry has a high maintenance rate with machines and / or electric generators stopped, this research aims to develop a computational model for predicting the Reliability Key Performance Indicator (KPI) to identify how available the equipment will be in a time span of 22 days, for this the methodology to be used will be based on analyzes and tests of artificial neural network (ANN) architectures using the Bayesian Regularizers training algorithm, alternating the transfer functions in the layers hidden to find the best state of convergence and the minimum Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value calculated between the real and simulated outputs. According to the results obtained by the training, validation and test steps, the algorithm presented a RMSE rate of 0.0000104202 and a 99.9% correlation between the real and simulated values, thus the model is able to identify which machine will have the greatest efficiency and less efficiency within the defined time span.
• APPLICATION OF THE NARX MODEL FOR FORECASTING WIND SPEED FOR WIND ENERGY GENERATION
  The wind energy matrix has been gradually increasing in recent years and its importance for the renewable energy industry is increasingly linked to benefits in relation to the environment. The objective is to apply the NARX model to forecast wind speed in the short term and consequently the generation of wind energy. In the materials and methods, the database of the SONDA project (System of National Organization of Environmental Data) organized by INPE (National Institute for Space Research) was used, in which it was decided to use the anemometric data of the Brasília station - BRB, where data from February 2005 to March 2019 were used for validation training and testing of the model developed. The results obtained were characterized by a better performance for the short-term time horizon of 10 minutes up to 10 steps ahead, which helps to provide the wind energy industry with greater reliability in energy delivery
• ANALYSIS OF THE DISPERSION OF PERFORMANCE INDICATORS FOR DECISION MAKING BETWEEN TWO FUZZY MODELING TOOLS
  Analyzing data processing methods and ensuring consistent results is hard work for scientists, the fact is that the optimization of a process makes a difference regardless of which area is being worked on. There are tools that consolidate studies like this, one of them is the comparative method using dispersion analysis that was used in this research when working with the School Adventurers application, which is one of the objects of study, with which the inferences agent called Fuzzylite was analyzed. The case study was a good option for the research when analyzing the inference methods modeled in the app and making a comparison with the MatLab® Fuzzy Toolbox, so the objective of the present research is to analyze the two mentioned tools and point out which one had the best performance using the same Fuzzy modeling. Through the dispersion analysis it was possible to identify a better result for the model used in Fuzzylite.